Trehalose (C12H22O11): structure, properties and hazards

Names and identifiers

IUPAC name: (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
Synonyms: mycose, trehalose, insect blood sugar
+ 38 more
D-(+)-Trehalose, Mycose, alpha,alpha-trehalose, Ergot sugar, alpha-D-Trehalose, Cabaletta, Mushroom sugar, Natural trehalose, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, alpha,alpha'-Trehalose, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, CHEBI:16551, B8WCK70T7I, NSC-2093, (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol, (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol, CHEBI:27082, (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol, (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol, RefChem:6317, GlyTouCan:G92130SN, zozu abundant charming hips cream, zozu plump beautiful breast cream, G92130SN, 202-739-6, D-Trehalose, D-(+)-Trehalose Anhydrous, D-(+)-Trehalose, anhydrous, Thealoz, alpha-Trehalose, Treha, Trehaose, alpha-D-Glucopyranoside, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, MFCD00006628, alpha,alpha'-D-Trehalose, (2R,2'R,3S,3'S,4S,4'S,5R,5'R,6R,6'R)-6,6'-oxybis(2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol), .alpha.,.alpha.-Trehalose, NSC 2093
Molecular formula: C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
Empirical formula: C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
Molecular weight: 342.3 g/mol
Exact mass: 342.11621
CAS number: 99-20-7
PubChem CID: 7427
Canonical SMILES: C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
Isomeric SMILES: C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)7(17)9(19)11(21-3)23-12-10(20)8(18)6(16)4(2-14)22-12/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-,7+,8+,9-,10-,11-,12-/m1/s1
InChIKey: HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N
Molfile

Names, InChI and the identifiers from PubChem, retrieved 2026-10-14.

Calculated

Heavy atoms: 23
Rings: 2
Aromatic rings: 0
Fraction sp³ carbons (Fsp3): 1
H-bond donors: 8
H-bond acceptors: 11
Rotatable bonds: 4
TPSA (Å²): 189.5 computed here · PubChem 190
Formal charge: 0
XLogP3: -4.2 PubChem
Complexity: 348 PubChem
Stereocenters: 10 definedCIP: C3: R · C5: R · C7: R · C9: R · C12: S · C14: S · C16: R · C18: R · C20: S · C22: S
Double-bond geometry: None specified
Point group: C1 of one 3D conformer with its hydrogens, by Athanor’s engine (as in the app)

Elemental analysis

C42.11%
H6.48%
O51.41%

Isotope pattern

Each peak is a nominal mass with its abundance-weighted exact mass, as a percentage of the tallest, from IUPAC natural isotope abundances.

Computed from the structure with RDKit 2026.09 when this page was built, beside PubChem's own computed values from its record; where the two differ, both are shown.

Predicted

log P: -5.4 Crippen (Wildman and Crippen 1999)
log S (water solubility): 1.7 ESOL (Delaney 2004), log mol/L
Synthetic accessibility: 4.11 SA score, 1 easy to 10 hard (Ertl and Schuffenhauer 2009)

Drug-likeness: Lipinski’s rule of five

Molecular weight ≤ 500: 342.3
log P ≤ 5 (Crippen): -5.4
H-bond donors ≤ 5: 8
H-bond acceptors ≤ 10: 11

Breaks 2 of the four rules.

¹³C NMR shifts, predicted

Predictions, not measurements; each names its method. A measured log P, where a source reports one, is under Physical properties.

Safety

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 99.8% (429 of 430) of all reports.[1]

Safety data sheets on the supplier’s page: eNovation Chemicals, AppChem, Quality Control Solutions (QCS Standards).

Always read the supplier’s safety data sheet before working with it.

Spectra

Experimental spectra held by these sources; each link opens the source's own record.

Literature

Reading PubChem, OpenAlex and GSRS…

Bioactivity

Reading ChEMBL…

References

[1]European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · ECHA legal notice: reuse with acknowledgement · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[2]Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[3]SpectraBase · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[4]MassBank Europe · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[5]MassBank of North America (MoNA) · CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
·Calculated values: computed by Athanor with RDKit 2026.09 from the structure.
·Literature on PubChem

Data last updated 2026-10-14.

Similar structures

Tanimoto similarity on Morgan fingerprints (radius 2) with RDKit 2026.09, at least 45%.