Copper(II) sulfate

Athanor · official

CuO₄S · 159.61 g/mol

IUPAC name: copper sulfate

Also called blue vitriol, bluestone, CuSO4

Inorganic

Open in Athanor

Drawn from its SMILES with RDKit

WarningHarmful if swallowed · Causes skin irritation · Causes serious eye irritation · Very toxic to aquatic life · Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Names and identifiers

IUPAC name: copper sulfate
Synonyms: blue vitriol, bluestone, CuSO4
+ 37 more
Copper sulfate, CUPRIC SULFATE, Cupric sulfate anhydrous, Copper sulphate, Copper(2+) sulfate, Copper monosulfate, Copper(ii) sulfate, anhydrous, Hylinec, Trinagle, Delcup, Cupric sulphate, Roman vitriol, Blue Copper, Copper sulfate (1:1), Monocopper sulfate, Incracide 10A, Incracide E 51, BCS copper fungicide, Copper Sulfate Powder, Sulfate de cuivre, Copper sulfate (CuSO4), Copper(2+) sulfate (1:1), copper(II) sulphate, Snow Crystal Copper Sulfate, Aqua Maid Permanent Algaecide, Copper (II) sulfate (1:1), Copper monosulphate, Granular Crystals Copper Sulfate, KUW2Q3U1VV, MAC 570, Tobacco States Brand Copper Sulfate, Phelps Triangle Brand Copper Sulfate, Cupric sulphate anhydrous, Cupric sulfate, anhydrous, Cupric sulphate, anhydrous, Sa-50 Brand Copper Sulfate Granular Crystals, Aquatronics Snail-A-Cide Dri-Pac Snail Powder
Molecular formula: CuO₄S
Empirical formula: CuO₄S
Molecular weight: 159.61 g/mol
Exact mass: 158.88133
CAS number: 7758-98-7
PubChem CID: 24462
Canonical SMILES: [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Cu+2]
Isomeric SMILES: [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Cu+2]
InChI: InChI=1S/Cu.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2
InChIKey: ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Molfile

Names, InChI and the identifiers from PubChem, retrieved 2026-10-14.

Physical properties

TemperaturePressureDensity

Appearance: Gray to white and has rhombic crystals[4]
4 values
From Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source
– Cupric sulfate appears as a white or off-white solid. Melting point 200 °C with decomposition. Non-combustible. [1] CAMEO Chemicals
– Dry Powder; Large Crystals; Liquid; Liquid; Other Solid; Dry Powder; Wet Solid; Large Crystals; Dry Powder; Wet Solid; CBI [2] EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
– WHITE HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS. [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
–shown Gray to white and has rhombic crystals [4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present., p. VA7 (1986) 581
Odor: Pleasant odor[4]
Density: 3.6 g/cm³[3]
3 values
2 of 3 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source
– 2.29 at 59 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
–shown 3.6 g/cm³ [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
– 3.6 @25 °C [5] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
Solubility in water: Solubility in water, g/l at 20 °C: 203 (freely soluble)[3]
3 values
From ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source
– Soluble in methanol (1.1 g/100 ml), but insoluble in ethanol; it readily dissolves in aqueous ammonia and excess alkali metal cyanides, with the formation of complexes [4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present., p. VA7 (1986) 581
– In water, 243 g/l @ 0 °C. [4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Ashford, R.D. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals. London, England: Wavelength Publications Ltd., 1994., p. 237
–shown Solubility in water, g/l at 20 °C: 203 (freely soluble) [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
Autoignition temperature: Reported, but no value passed the checks.
The value and why
Not flammable (USCG, 1999) (could not be read; source [1])

Value	As written	Source
–	Cupric sulfate appears as a white or off-white solid. Melting point 200 °C with decomposition. Non-combustible.	[1] CAMEO Chemicals
–	Dry Powder; Large Crystals; Liquid; Liquid; Other Solid; Dry Powder; Wet Solid; Large Crystals; Dry Powder; Wet Solid; CBI	[2] EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
–	WHITE HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS.	[3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
–shown	Gray to white and has rhombic crystals	[4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present., p. VA7 (1986) 581

Value	As written	Source
–	2.29 at 59 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water	[1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
–shown	3.6 g/cm³	[3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
–	3.6 @25 °C	[5] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy

Value	As written	Source
–	Soluble in methanol (1.1 g/100 ml), but insoluble in ethanol; it readily dissolves in aqueous ammonia and excess alkali metal cyanides, with the formation of complexes	[4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present., p. VA7 (1986) 581
–	In water, 243 g/l @ 0 °C.	[4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Ashford, R.D. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals. London, England: Wavelength Publications Ltd., 1994., p. 237
–shown	Solubility in water, g/l at 20 °C: 203 (freely soluble)	[3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

Each value as its source reports it, with the source's number after it (listed under References). Where several sources report a property, the row shows the value most of them agree on, the rule the app uses; open the values to see every one.

Calculated

Heavy atoms: 6
Rings: 0
Aromatic rings: 0
Fraction sp³ carbons (Fsp3): 0
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 4
Rotatable bonds: 0
TPSA (Å²): 80.3 computed here · PubChem 88.6
Formal charge: 0
Complexity: 62 PubChem
Stereocenters: None
Double-bond geometry: None specified
Point group: Td of one 3D conformer with its hydrogens, by Athanor’s engine (as in the app)

Elemental analysis

Cu39.81%
O40.10%
S20.09%

Isotope pattern

Each peak is a nominal mass with its abundance-weighted exact mass, as a percentage of the tallest, from IUPAC natural isotope abundances.

Computed from the structure with RDKit 2026.09 when this page was built, beside PubChem's own computed values from its record; where the two differ, both are shown.

Predicted

log P: -1.34 Crippen (Wildman and Crippen 1999)
log S (water solubility): 0.01 ESOL (Delaney 2004), log mol/L
Synthetic accessibility: 4.35 SA score, 1 easy to 10 hard (Ertl and Schuffenhauer 2009)

Drug-likeness: Lipinski’s rule of five

Molecular weight ≤ 500: 159.61
log P ≤ 5 (Crippen): -1.34
H-bond donors ≤ 5: 0
H-bond acceptors ≤ 10: 4

Passes all four rules.

Predictions, not measurements; each names its method. A measured log P, where a source reports one, is under Physical properties.

Safety

Warning

Harmonized EU classification (CLP Annex VI). Source [6].

Harmful or irritant
Environmental hazard

H302Harmful if swallowed
H315Causes skin irritation
H319Causes serious eye irritation
H400Very toxic to aquatic life
H410Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary statements: P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P501

View all classifications (3)

[6] Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council · WarningH302, H315, H319, H400, H410
[7] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.1% (14 of 1268) of reports.
[7] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · 1,268 reports · DangerH302, H315, H318, H319, H400, H410

Exposure limits

TLV: 0.2 mg/m[3]
MAK (Maximale Arbeitsplatz Konzentration): (respirable fraction): 0.01 mg/m[3]

First aid

Ingestion: Induce vomiting and administer gastric lavage; give a saline cathartic, fluid therapy, and transfusions if required; calcium disodium EDTA has been found moderately effective. SKIN AND eyes: Wash affected tissues with water. (USCG, 1999)[1]
Fresh air, rest.[3]
Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention if skin irritation occurs.[3]
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.[3]

Storage

Well closed. Dry. Store only in original container. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.[3]

Incompatibilities

Anhydrous copper sulfate causes hydroxylamine to ignite & the hydrated salt is vigorously reduced.[4]
Solutions of sodium hypobromite are decomposed by powerful catalytic action of cupric ions, even as impurities. (cupric salts)[4]

Safety data sheets on the supplier’s page: Thermo Fisher Scientific, 10X CHEM, AA BLOCKS.

Always read the supplier’s safety data sheet before working with it.

Spectra

FTIRSpectraBase (SPLIT MULL)
ATR-IRSpectraBase

Experimental spectra held by these sources; each link opens the source's own record.

Literature

Reading PubChem, OpenAlex and GSRS…

Bioactivity

Reading ChEMBL…

References

[1]CAMEO Chemicals · Public domain (NOAA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[2]EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) · Public domain (US EPA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[3]ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) · CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[4]Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · Public domain (US NLM) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[5]PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy · Public domain (US DOE) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[6]Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council · EU reuse policy, CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[7]European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · ECHA legal notice: reuse with acknowledgement · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[8]SpectraBase · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
·Calculated values: computed by Athanor with RDKit 2026.09 from the structure.
·Literature on PubChem

Data last updated 2026-10-14.