Dinitrogen

Athanor · official

N₂ · 28.014 g/mol

IUPAC name: molecular nitrogen

Also called nitrogen, molecular nitrogen

Inorganic

Open in Athanor

Drawn from its SMILES with RDKit

WarningContains gas under pressure; may explode if heated · Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury

Names and identifiers

IUPAC name: molecular nitrogen
Synonyms: nitrogen, molecular nitrogen, Nitrogen
+ 37 more
Nitrogen gas, Molecular nitrogen, MOL Nitrogen, Nitrogeno, Nitrogen (n2), INS NO.941, DTXSID4036304, INS-941, E-941, N762921K75, CHEBI:17997, Diazyne, Nitrogen Nf, Nitrogen, NF, Nitrogen Compressed, Nitrogen, Refrigerated, RefChem:6472, NITROGEN Compressed, NF, DTXCID6015504, Nitrogen C70f6047-a0cb-4f70-aa3a-78acd681efc3, 231-783-9, CHEBI:25555, N, Nitrogen-14, nitrogen molecule, Diatomic nitrogen, Nitrogen, liquid, N2, N in Steel, N in Stainless steel, Azote [French], Nitrogeno [Spanish], Nitrogen [NF], Nitrogen (liquified), HSDB 5060, EINECS 231-783-9, UN1066
Molecular formula: N₂
Empirical formula: N
Molecular weight: 28.014 g/mol
Exact mass: 28.00615
CAS number: 7727-37-9
PubChem CID: 947
Canonical SMILES: N#N
Isomeric SMILES: N#N
InChI: InChI=1S/N2/c1-2
InChIKey: IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molfile

Names, InChI and the identifiers from PubChem, retrieved 2026-10-14.

Physical properties

TemperaturePressureDensity

Appearance: Colorless liquid at -196 °C[4]
6 values
From Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source
– Nitrogen appears as a colorless odorless gas. Noncombustible and nontoxic. Makes up the major portion of the atmosphere, but will not support life by itself. Used in food processing, in purging air conditioning and refrigeration systems, and in pressurizing aircraft tires. May cause asphyxiation by displacement of air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat containers may rupture violently and rocket. [1] CAMEO Chemicals
– Nitrogen, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid) appears as colorless odorless liquid. Very cold. Contact may cause frostbite. Nontoxic. Under prolonged exposure to heat or fire the container may rupture violently and rocket. Used to freeze foods, to preserve whole blood and other biologicals, and as a coolant. [1] CAMEO Chemicals
– Liquid; CBI; Gas Vapor; Other Solid [2] EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
– ODOURLESS COLOURLESS COMPRESSED GAS. [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
– ODOURLESS COLOURLESS EXTREMELY COLD LIQUID. [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
–shown Colorless liquid at -196 °C [4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Hardenburger TL et al; Nitrogen. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. (1999-2015). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Online Posting Date: 13 May 2005
Melting point: -210 °C[3]
5 values
2 of 3 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source
−214 °C -354 °F (USCG, 1999) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
−214 °C -354 °F (USCG, 1999) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
−210 °Cshown -210 °C [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
−210 °C -210 °C [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
−210 °C -210 °C [5] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
3 more values were reported but failed the checks (unreadable or out of range), so they are not shown.
Boiling point: -195.79 °C @760 [mmHg][5]
5 values
3 of 3 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source
−195.6 °C -320.1 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
−195.6 °C -320.1 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
−196 °C -196 °C [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
−196 °C -196 °C [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
−195.8 °Cshown -195.79 °C @760 [mm Hg] [5] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
Density: 1.251 g/L at 0 °C and 1 atm[4]
4 values
Only one source reports it.
Value As written Source
– 0.807 at -319.9 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
– 0.807 at -319.9 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
0.001251 g/mLshown 1.251 g/L at 0 °C and 1 atm [4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 895
– 0.808 @ -195.8°C [5] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
2 more values were reported but failed the checks (unreadable or out of range), so they are not shown.
Solubility in water: Solubility in water: poor[3]
5 values
From ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source
– In water, 1.81X10+4 mg/L at 21 °C [4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Venable CS, Fuwa T; Ind Eng Chem 14: 139-42 (1922)
– Slightly soluble in water and alcohol [4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 895
– For more Solubility (Complete) data for Nitrogen, Elemental (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. [4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
–shown Solubility in water: poor [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
– Solubility in water: poor [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
log P: log Kow = 0.67[4]
Refractive index: Reported, but no value passed the checks.
The value and why
Refractive index, gas 101.325 kPa n(d) at 25 °C 1.0002732 (could not be read; source [4])

Value	As written	Source
–	Nitrogen appears as a colorless odorless gas. Noncombustible and nontoxic. Makes up the major portion of the atmosphere, but will not support life by itself. Used in food processing, in purging air conditioning and refrigeration systems, and in pressurizing aircraft tires. May cause asphyxiation by displacement of air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat containers may rupture violently and rocket.	[1] CAMEO Chemicals
–	Nitrogen, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid) appears as colorless odorless liquid. Very cold. Contact may cause frostbite. Nontoxic. Under prolonged exposure to heat or fire the container may rupture violently and rocket. Used to freeze foods, to preserve whole blood and other biologicals, and as a coolant.	[1] CAMEO Chemicals
–	Liquid; CBI; Gas Vapor; Other Solid	[2] EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
–	ODOURLESS COLOURLESS COMPRESSED GAS.	[3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
–	ODOURLESS COLOURLESS EXTREMELY COLD LIQUID.	[3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
–shown	Colorless liquid at -196 °C	[4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Hardenburger TL et al; Nitrogen. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. (1999-2015). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Online Posting Date: 13 May 2005

Value	As written	Source
−214 °C	-354 °F (USCG, 1999)	[1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
−214 °C	-354 °F (USCG, 1999)	[1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
−210 °Cshown	-210 °C	[3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
−210 °C	-210 °C	[3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
−210 °C	-210 °C	[5] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy

Value	As written	Source
−195.6 °C	-320.1 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)	[1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
−195.6 °C	-320.1 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)	[1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
−196 °C	-196 °C	[3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
−196 °C	-196 °C	[3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
−195.8 °Cshown	-195.79 °C @760 [mm Hg]	[5] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy

Value	As written	Source
–	0.807 at -319.9 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water	[1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
–	0.807 at -319.9 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water	[1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
0.001251 g/mLshown	1.251 g/L at 0 °C and 1 atm	[4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 895
–	0.808 @ -195.8°C	[5] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy

Value	As written	Source
–	In water, 1.81X10+4 mg/L at 21 °C	[4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Venable CS, Fuwa T; Ind Eng Chem 14: 139-42 (1922)
–	Slightly soluble in water and alcohol	[4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 895
–	For more Solubility (Complete) data for Nitrogen, Elemental (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.	[4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
–shown	Solubility in water: poor	[3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
–	Solubility in water: poor	[3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

Each value as its source reports it, with the source's number after it (listed under References). Where several sources report a property, the row shows the value most of them agree on, the rule the app uses; open the values to see every one.

Calculated

Heavy atoms: 2
Rings: 0
Aromatic rings: 0
Fraction sp³ carbons (Fsp3): 0
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 2
Rotatable bonds: 0
TPSA (Å²): 47.6
Formal charge: 0
XLogP3: 0.1 PubChem
Complexity: 8 PubChem
Stereocenters: None
Double-bond geometry: None specified
Point group: D∞h of one 3D conformer with its hydrogens, by Athanor’s engine (as in the app)

Elemental analysis

N100.00%

Isotope pattern

Each peak is a nominal mass with its abundance-weighted exact mass, as a percentage of the tallest, from IUPAC natural isotope abundances.

Computed from the structure with RDKit 2026.09 when this page was built, beside PubChem's own computed values from its record; where the two differ, both are shown.

Predicted

log P: 0.03 Crippen (Wildman and Crippen 1999)
log S (water solubility): -0.03 ESOL (Delaney 2004), log mol/L
Synthetic accessibility: 4.11 SA score, 1 easy to 10 hard (Ertl and Schuffenhauer 2009)

Drug-likeness: Lipinski’s rule of five

Molecular weight ≤ 500: 28.01
log P ≤ 5 (Crippen): 0.03
H-bond donors ≤ 5: 0
H-bond acceptors ≤ 10: 2

Passes all four rules.

Predictions, not measurements; each names its method. A measured log P, where a source reports one, is under Physical properties.

Safety

Warning

Most widely reported: 1,001 company reports to ECHA. Source [6].

Compressed gas

NFPA 704[4]

H280Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated (70.2% of reports)
H281Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury (26% of reports)

Precautionary statements: P282, P336+P317, P403, P410+P403

View all classifications (3)

[6] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 4.7% (47 of 1001) of reports.
[6] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · 1,001 reports · WarningH280, H281
[4] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · DangerH304, H401

First aid

Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed. In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts. (ERG, 2024)[1]
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air; apply artificial respiration if breathing has stopped; call physician. Eyes: Treat for frostbite burns caused by liquid. Skin: Treat for frostbite; soak in lukewarm water. (USCG, 1999)[1]
General First Aid: · Call 911 or emergency medical service. · Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination. · Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely. · Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. · If victim is not breathing: -- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance. -- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped…[7]
General First Aid: · Call 911 or emergency medical service. · Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination. · Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely. · Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. · If victim is not breathing: -- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance. -- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped…[7]

Storage

Fireproof if in building. Cool. Keep in a well-ventilated room.[3]
Fireproof if in building. Keep in a well-ventilated room.[3]
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.[4]
Since liquid nitrogen tends to cause localized oxygen enrichment due to a fractional distillation of air, containers such as formed plastics should not be used even for temporary storage of liquid nitrogen due to the resultant increase combustibility.[4]

Incompatibilities

Can react violently with lithium, neodymium, titanium under the proper conditions.[4]
Open vessels which contain organic materials, or which are to be hermetically sealed, should not be cooled in liquid nitrogen, but in a coolant at a higher temperature.[4]
Liquid nitrogen subject to nuclear radiation (high neutron and gamma fluxes) must be kept free of oxygen to prevent explosion occurring in reactor cryostats.[4]
For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Nitrogen, Elemental (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.[4]

Safety data sheets on the supplier’s page: LGC Standards, Shenghe Chemical, Sigma-Aldrich.

Always read the supplier’s safety data sheet before working with it.

Spectra

15N NMRSpectraBase
GC-MSNIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center · NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center · SpectraBase

Experimental spectra held by these sources; each link opens the source's own record.

Literature

Reading PubChem, OpenAlex and GSRS…

Bioactivity

Reading ChEMBL…

References

[1]CAMEO Chemicals · Public domain (NOAA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[2]EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) · Public domain (US EPA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[3]ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) · CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[4]Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · Public domain (US NLM) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[5]PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy · Public domain (US DOE) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[6]European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · ECHA legal notice: reuse with acknowledgement · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[7]Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) · Public domain (US DOT) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[8]SpectraBase · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[9]NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
·Calculated values: computed by Athanor with RDKit 2026.09 from the structure.
·Literature on PubChem

Data last updated 2026-10-14.