Chloroform
Athanor · official
CHCl3 · 119.37 g/mol
Also called trichloromethane, CDCl3 solvent, methyl trichloride
Names and identifiers
- IUPAC name
- chloroform
- Synonyms
- trichloromethane, CDCl3 solvent, methyl trichloride
+ 38 more
Trichloromethane, Trichlormethan, Trichloroform, Formyl trichloride, Methane, trichloro-, Methenyl trichloride, Methyl trichloride, Methane trichloride, Chloroforme, CHCl3, R 20 (Refrigerant), Triclorometano, Cloroformio, Trichloormethaan, Freon 20, 1,1,1-Trichloromethane, Methenyl chloride, RCRA waste number U044, NCI-C02686, Chloroformum, Chloroform bp, DTXSID1020306, Hcc 20, NSC-77361, 7V31YC746X, DTXCID10306, CHEBI:35255, NSC77361, RefChem:6629, 200-663-8, Methylidyne trichloride, Refrigerant R20, HSDB 56, trichloro-methane, NSC 77361, R 20, CHLOROFORM, ACS, Chloroform [UN1888] [Poison]
- Molecular formula
- CHCl3
- Empirical formula
- CHCl3
- Molecular weight
- 119.37 g/mol
- Exact mass
- 117.91438
- CAS number
- 67-66-3
- PubChem CID
- 6212
- Canonical SMILES
- C(Cl)(Cl)Cl
- Isomeric SMILES
- C(Cl)(Cl)Cl
- InChI
- InChI=1S/CHCl3/c2-1(3)4/h1H
- InChIKey
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- Molfile
Names, InChI and the identifiers from PubChem, retrieved 2026-10-14.
Physical properties
- Appearance
- Clear, colorless liquid[6]
7 values
From Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source – Chloroform appears as a clear colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. Denser (12.3 lb / gal) than water and slightly soluble in water. Hence sinks in water. Nonflammable under most conditions, but burns under extreme conditions. May cause illness by inhalation, skin absorption or ingestion. Used as a solvent, to make other chemicals, as a fumigant. [1] CAMEO Chemicals – Liquid [2] EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) – VOLATILE COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) – Colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. [4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) – Colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. [5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) –shown Clear, colorless liquid [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Prager, J.C. Environmental Contaminant Reference Databook Volume 1. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995., p. 453 – Colorless, highly refractive, heavy volatile liquid. [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Larranaga, M.D., Lewis, R.J. Sr., Lewis, R.A.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 16th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ 2016., p. 314 - Odor
- Pleasant odor[6]
3 values
From Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source – Pleasant, etheric, nonirritating [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Prager, J.C. Environmental Contaminant Reference Databook Volume 1. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995., p. 453 –shown Pleasant odor [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg – Odor threshold: 205-307 ppm [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Weiss, G.; Hazardous Chemicals Handbook. 1986, Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge, NJ 1986., p. 261 - Melting point
- -63.41 °C[7]
5 values
5 of 5 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source −63.5 °C -82.3 °F (EPA, 1998) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. −64 °C -64 °C [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) −63 °C -82 °F [4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) −63.4 °Cshown -63.41 °C [7] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy −63 °C -82 °F [5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) - Boiling point
- 61.17 °C @760 [mmHg][7]
5 values
5 of 5 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source 62 °C 143 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 62 °C 62 °C [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) 62 °C 143 °F [4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 61.2 °Cshown 61.17 °C @760 [mm Hg] [7] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy 62 °C 143 °F [5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) - Density
- 1.4788 @25 °C[7]
4 values
4 of 4 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source – 1.4832 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. – 1.48 [4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) –shown 1.4788 @25 °C [7] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy – 1.48 [5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 2 more values were reported but failed the checks (unreadable or out of range), so they are not shown.
- Solubility in water
- Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.8 (slightly soluble)[3]
5 values
From ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source – less than 1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. – In water, 7.95X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Mackay D et al; Chemosphere 9: 701-11 (1980) – For more Solubility (Complete) data for Chloroform (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) –shown Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.8 (slightly soluble) [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) – (77 °F): 0.5% [5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) - log P
- 1.97[3]
2 values
2 of 2 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source – log Kow = 1.97 [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Hansch, C., Leo, A., D. Hoekman. Exploring QSAR - Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., 1995., p. 3 –shown 1.97 [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) - Vapor pressure
- VP: 100 mmHg at 10.4 °C[6]
5 values
2 of 4 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source 100 mmHg 100 mmHg at 50.72 °F (EPA, 1998) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 100 mmHgshown VP: 100 mm Hg at 10.4 °C [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Prager, J.C. Environmental Contaminant Reference Databook Volume 1. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995., p. 453 197 mmHg 197 mm Hg at 25 °C [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Boublik, T., Fried, V., and Hala, E., The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances. Second Revised Edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1984. 160 mmHg Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 21.2 [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) 75 mmHg 75 [mm Hg] @4.3 °C [7] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy 2 more values were reported but failed the checks (unreadable or out of range), so they are not shown.
- Flash point
- Reported, but no value passed the checks.
The value and why
- None (EPA, 1998) (could not be read; source [1])
- Autoignition temperature
- Reported, but no value passed the checks.
The value and why
- Not flammable (USCG, 1999) (could not be read; source [1])
- Viscosity
- Reported, but no value passed the checks.
The 2 values and why
- 5.63 millipoises at 20 °C (could not be read; source [6])
- 5.10 millipoises at 30 °C (could not be read; source [6])
Each value as its source reports it, with the source's number after it (listed under References). Where several sources report a property, the row shows the value most of them agree on, the rule the app uses; open the values to see every one.
Calculated
- Heavy atoms
- 4
- Rings
- 0
- Aromatic rings
- 0
- Fraction sp³ carbons (Fsp3)
- 1
- H-bond donors
- 0
- H-bond acceptors
- 0
- Rotatable bonds
- 0
- TPSA (Ų)
- 0
- Formal charge
- 0
- XLogP3
- 2.3 PubChem
- Complexity
- 8 PubChem
- Stereocenters
- None
- Double-bond geometry
- None specified
- Point group
- C3v of one 3D conformer with its hydrogens, by Athanor’s engine (as in the app)
Elemental analysis
- C10.06%
- H0.84%
- Cl89.09%
Isotope pattern
Each peak is a nominal mass with its abundance-weighted exact mass, as a percentage of the tallest, from IUPAC natural isotope abundances.
Computed from the structure with RDKit 2026.09 when this page was built, beside PubChem's own computed values from its record; where the two differ, both are shown.
Predicted
- log P
- 1.99 Crippen (Wildman and Crippen 1999)
- log S (water solubility)
- -1.83 ESOL (Delaney 2004), log mol/L
- Synthetic accessibility
- 3.18 SA score, 1 easy to 10 hard (Ertl and Schuffenhauer 2009)
Drug-likeness: Lipinski’s rule of five
- Molecular weight ≤ 500: 119.38
- log P ≤ 5 (Crippen): 1.99
- H-bond donors ≤ 5: 0
- H-bond acceptors ≤ 10: 0
Passes all four rules.
¹³C NMR shifts, predicted
Predictions, not measurements; each names its method. A measured log P, where a source reports one, is under Physical properties.
Safety
Danger
Harmonized EU classification (CLP Annex VI). Source [8].
Acute toxicity
Health hazard
- H302Harmful if swallowed
- H315Causes skin irritation
- H319Causes serious eye irritation
- H331Toxic if inhaled
- H351Suspected of causing cancer
- H361dSuspected of damaging the unborn child
- H372Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Precautionary statements: P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, P501
View all classifications (4)
- [8] Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council · DangerH302, H315, H319, H331, H351, H361d, H372
- [9] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 1499) of reports.
- [9] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · 1,499 reports · DangerH302, H319, H331, H336, H361, H361d, H372, H373
- [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · DangerH302, H315, H319, H331, H336, H351, H361, H372, H402
Exposure limits
- PEL-C (Ceiling): 50 ppm (240 mg/m³)[4]
- PEL: C 50 ppm (240 mg/m3) See Appendix G[5]
- REL-STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit): 2 ppm (9.78 mg/m³) [60 minutes][4]
- REL: Ca ST 2 ppm (9.78 mg/m3) [60-minute] See Appendix A[5]
- TLV: 10 ppm as TWA; A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans).[3]
- IDLH: 500 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)[1]
First aid
- Signs and Symptoms of Chloroform Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to chloroform vapor may include conjunctivitis and blepharospasm (twitching of the eyelid). Burning pain and corneal epithelium injury may occur from chloroform liquid splashed in the eye. Acute exposure may also lead to respiratory depression, chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, metabolic acidosis, central nervous system depression, headache, fatigue, and dizziness. Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms include nausea, vomiting, salivation, anorexia, and gastrointestinal irritation.[1]
- General First Aid: · Call 911 or emergency medical service. · Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination. · Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely. · Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. · If victim is not breathing: -- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance. -- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped…[10]
- (General first aid procedures) Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water.[5]
- Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.[3]
Storage
- Store only in original container. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Ventilation along the floor. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.[3]
- Keep in tightly closed containers; storage code: LI[6]
- Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from strong alkalis and strong mineral acids.[6]
- Glass containers should be dark green or amber. Technical-grade chloroform can be stored in lead-lined or mild steel containers of all-welded construction. When storage vessels are made of unlined steel, precautions are needed to prevent the entry of moisture.[6]
Incompatibilities
- Mixtures with dinitrogen tetraoxide are explosive when subjected to shock of 25 g TNT equiv or less.[6]
- Chloroform and acetone interact vigorously & exothermally in presence of solid potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide to form 1,1,1-trichloro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropane. A laboratory incident involving the bursting of a solvent residues bottle was attributed to this reaction.[6]
- Heating aluminum powder with carbon tetrachloride-chloroform mixtures in closed systems to 152 °C may cause an explosion, particularly if traces of aluminum chloride are present.[6]
- Triisopropylphosphine reacts, when undiluted, rather vigorously with chloroform.[6]
Safety data sheets on the supplier’s page: MolCore, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sigma-Aldrich.
Always read the supplier’s safety data sheet before working with it.
Spectra
- NMRHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · NMRShiftDB
- 1H NMRHuman Metabolome Database (HMDB) (JEOL · 90 MHz · CDCl3) · SpectraBase (Varian A-60)
- 13C NMRHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (NEVA · 15.09 MHz · CDCl3) · SpectraBase
- GC-MSHuman Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B · positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B · positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B · positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B · positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B · positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B · positive)
- Other MSHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · MassBank Europe (JEOL JMS-01-SG · EI-B · POSITIVE) · MassBank Europe (HITACHI RMU-7M · EI-B · POSITIVE) · MassBank Europe (JEOL JMS-D-3000 · EI-B · POSITIVE) · MassBank Europe (Agilent 7250 GC/QTOF · GC-EI-QTOF · POSITIVE)
- IRHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- FTIRSpectraBase (NEAT)
- ATR-IRSpectraBase (ATR-Neat)
- Near IRSpectraBase (INSTRUMENT PARAMETERS=INST=BRUKER,RSN=11152,REO=2,CNM=HEI,ZFF=2 · NIR Spectrometer= BRUKER IFS 88)
- Vapor Phase IRSpectraBase (Bruker IFS 85 · Gas-GC)
- RamanHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · SpectraBase (Thermo Nicolet FT-Raman 960 · FT-Raman)
Experimental spectra held by these sources; each link opens the source's own record.
Literature
Reading PubChem, OpenAlex and GSRS…
Bioactivity
Reading ChEMBL…
References
- [1]CAMEO Chemicals · Public domain (NOAA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [2]EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) · Public domain (US EPA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [3]ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) · CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [4]Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) · Public domain (US DOL) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [5]The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) · Public domain (US CDC) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [6]Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · Public domain (US NLM) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [7]PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy · Public domain (US DOE) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [8]Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council · EU reuse policy, CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [9]European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · ECHA legal notice: reuse with acknowledgement · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [10]Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) · Public domain (US DOT) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [11]NMRShiftDB · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [12]Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [13]SpectraBase · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [14]MassBank of North America (MoNA) · CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [15]NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [16]MassBank Europe · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- ·Calculated values: computed by Athanor with RDKit 2026.09 from the structure.
- ·Literature on PubChem
Data last updated 2026-10-14.
