1-Butanol
Athanor · official
C4H10O · 74.12 g/mol
IUPAC name: butan-1-ol
Also called n-butanol, butyl alcohol
Names and identifiers
- IUPAC name
- butan-1-ol
- Synonyms
- n-butanol, butyl alcohol, Butan-1-ol
+ 36 more
Butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, Propylcarbinol, 1-hydroxybutane, Butyl hydroxide, Methylolpropane, Propylmethanol, Butyric alcohol, Hemostyp, n-Butan-1-ol, 1-Butyl alcohol, Butanolen, Butanolo, Propyl carbinol, Alcool butylique, Butylowy alkohol, Normal primary butyl alcohol, FEMA No. 2178, RCRA waste number U031, CCS 203, Alcohol, Butyl, FEMA Number 2178, 1 Butanol, DTXSID1021740, Butyric or normal primary butyl alcohol, NSC-62782, 8PJ61P6TS3, DTXCID701740, CHEBI:28885, n-Propyl carbinol, n Butanol, n Butyl Alcohol, Alcohol, n-Butyl, RefChem:6600, 200-751-6, butanol
- Molecular formula
- C4H10O
- Empirical formula
- C4H10O
- Molecular weight
- 74.12 g/mol
- Exact mass
- 74.07316
- CAS number
- 71-36-3
- PubChem CID
- 263
- Canonical SMILES
- CCCCO
- Isomeric SMILES
- CCCCO
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C4H10O/c1-2-3-4-5/h5H,2-4H2,1H3
- InChIKey
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- Molfile
Names, InChI and the identifiers from PubChem, retrieved 2026-10-14.
Physical properties
- Appearance
- Colorless liquid[6]
6 values
From Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source – N-butyl alcohol is a colorless liquid. Used in organic chemical synthesis, plasticizers, detergents, etc. [1] CAMEO Chemicals – Liquid; CBI [2] EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) – COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) – Colorless liquid with a strong, characteristic, mildly alcoholic odor. [4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) – Colorless liquid with a strong, characteristic, mildly alcoholic odor. [5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) –shown Colorless liquid [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 194 - Odor
- Rancid, sweet[6]
3 values
From Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source – Odor similar to amyl alcohol [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Burdock, G.A. (ed.). Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. 5th ed.Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 190 –shown Rancid, sweet [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. 2001, p. 359 – Strong characteristic, mildly alcoholic odor [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 38 - Melting point
- -88.6 °C[7]
5 values
5 of 5 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source −89 °C -129 °F (USCG, 1999) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. −90 °C -90 °C [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) −89 °C -129 °F [4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) −88.6 °Cshown -88.6 °C [7] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy −89 °C -129 °F [5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) - Boiling point
- 117.73 °C @760 [mmHg][7]
5 values
5 of 5 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source 117.7 °C 243.9 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 117 °C 117 °C [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) 117 °C 243 °F [4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 117.7 °Cshown 117.73 °C @760 [mm Hg] [7] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy 117 °C 243 °F [5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) - Density
- 0.8095 @ 20°C[7]
5 values
5 of 5 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source – 0.81 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. – Relative density (water = 1): 0.81 [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) – 0.81 [4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) –shown 0.8095 @ 20°C [7] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy – 0.81 [5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 6 more values were reported but failed the checks (unreadable or out of range), so they are not shown.
- Solubility in water
- Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 7.7 (soluble)[3]
6 values
From ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source – 9 % (NIOSH, 2024) [1] CAMEO Chemicals – For more Solubility (Complete) data for N-BUTYL ALCOHOL (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page. [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) – In water, 68 g/L at 25 °C [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Yalkowsky, S.H., He, Yan, Jain, P. Handbook of Aqueous Solubility Data Second Edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 2010, p. 128 – In water, 6.32X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Tewari YG et al; J Res NBS 87: 155-8 (1982) –shown Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 7.7 (soluble) [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) – 9% [5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) - log P
- 0.9[3]
2 values
2 of 2 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source – log Kow = 0.88 [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Hansch, C., Leo, A., D. Hoekman. Exploring QSAR - Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., 1995., p. 10 –shown 0.9 [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) - pKa
- pKa = 16.10[6]
- Vapor pressure
- Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.67[3]
3 values
Sources disagree; from ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs), the most authoritative.
Value As written Source 7 mmHg 7.0 mm Hg at 25 °C [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Daubert, T.E., R.P. Danner. Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1989. 5 mmHgshown Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.67 [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) 7.5 mmHg 7.5 [mm Hg] @28 °C [7] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy 3 more values were reported but failed the checks (unreadable or out of range), so they are not shown.
- Flash point
- 29 °C c.c.[3]
5 values
4 of 5 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source 29 °C 84 °F (USCG, 1999) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 37 °C 98 °F, 37 °C (closed cup) [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 325-23 29 °Cshown 29 °C c.c. [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) 29 °C 84 °F [4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 29 °C 84 °F [5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) - Autoignition temperature
- 343 °C (650 °F)[6]
3 values
2 of 3 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source 343 °C 650 °F (USCG, 1999) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 343 °Cshown 650 °F (343 °C) [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 325-23 345 °C 345 °C [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) - Viscosity
- Reported, but no value passed the checks.
The value and why
- 2.11 mm²/s at 40 °C (could not be read; source [3])
Each value as its source reports it, with the source's number after it (listed under References). Where several sources report a property, the row shows the value most of them agree on, the rule the app uses; open the values to see every one.
Calculated
- Heavy atoms
- 5
- Rings
- 0
- Aromatic rings
- 0
- Fraction sp³ carbons (Fsp3)
- 1
- H-bond donors
- 1
- H-bond acceptors
- 1
- Rotatable bonds
- 2
- TPSA (Ų)
- 20.2
- Formal charge
- 0
- XLogP3
- 0.9 PubChem
- Complexity
- 13 PubChem
- Stereocenters
- None
- Double-bond geometry
- None specified
- Point group
- C1 of one 3D conformer with its hydrogens, by Athanor’s engine (as in the app)
Elemental analysis
- C64.82%
- H13.60%
- O21.58%
Isotope pattern
Each peak is a nominal mass with its abundance-weighted exact mass, as a percentage of the tallest, from IUPAC natural isotope abundances.
Computed from the structure with RDKit 2026.09 when this page was built, beside PubChem's own computed values from its record; where the two differ, both are shown.
Predicted
- log P
- 0.78 Crippen (Wildman and Crippen 1999)
- log S (water solubility)
- -0.66 ESOL (Delaney 2004), log mol/L
- Synthetic accessibility
- 1.88 SA score, 1 easy to 10 hard (Ertl and Schuffenhauer 2009)
Drug-likeness: Lipinski’s rule of five
- Molecular weight ≤ 500: 74.12
- log P ≤ 5 (Crippen): 0.78
- H-bond donors ≤ 5: 1
- H-bond acceptors ≤ 10: 1
Passes all four rules.
¹³C NMR shifts, predicted
Predictions, not measurements; each names its method. A measured log P, where a source reports one, is under Physical properties.
Safety
Danger
Harmonized EU classification (CLP Annex VI). Source [8].
Flammable
Corrosive
Harmful or irritant
- H226Flammable liquid and vapor
- H302Harmful if swallowed
- H315Causes skin irritation
- H318Causes serious eye damage
- H335May cause respiratory irritation
- H336May cause drowsiness or dizziness
Precautionary statements: P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501
View all classifications (4)
- [8] Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council · DangerH226, H302, H315, H318, H335, H336
- [9] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.2% (13 of 6636) of reports.
- [9] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · 6,636 reports · DangerH226, H302, H315, H318, H335, H336
- [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · WarningH226, H302, H315, H319, H335, H336
Exposure limits
First aid
- Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for n-Butyl alcohol: Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly.[1]
- General First Aid: · Call 911 or emergency medical service. · Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination. · Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely. · Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. · If victim is not breathing: -- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance. -- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped…[10]
- (General first aid procedures) Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly.[5]
- Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.[3]
Storage
- Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and aluminium. Store only in original container. See Chemical Dangers.[3]
Incompatibilities
- Butanol, used as a solvent in an autoclave preparation at 100 °C, severely attacked the aluminum gasket, liberating hydrogen which caused a sharp rise in pressure. Other alcohols would behave similarly ... .[6]
- Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosion.[6]
- Strong oxidizers, strong mineral acids, alkali metals, halogens.[6]
- Strong oxidizers, strong mineral acids, alkali metals, halogens[5]
Safety data sheets on the supplier’s page: LGC Standards, Alfa Chemistry, Thermo Fisher Scientific.
Always read the supplier’s safety data sheet before working with it.
Spectra
- NMRHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · NMRShiftDB
- 1H NMRHuman Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Bruker · 600 MHz · Water) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (JEOL · 90 MHz · CDCl3) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Bruker · D2O) · SpectraBase (BRUKER AC-300)
- 13C NMRHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (NEVA · 15.09 MHz · CDCl3) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Bruker · D2O) · SpectraBase
- 17O NMRSpectraBase
- 1H-13C NMRHuman Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Bruker · 600 MHz · Water)
- GC-MSHuman Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B · positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B · positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B · positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B · positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B · positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B · positive)
- MS-MSHuman Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6M) · Positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B (HITACHI RMU-7M) · Positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B (HITACHI M-80B) · Positive)
- Other MSHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · MassBank Europe (HITACHI RMU-6M · EI-B · POSITIVE) · MassBank Europe (HITACHI RMU-7M · EI-B · POSITIVE) · MassBank Europe (HITACHI M-80B · EI-B · POSITIVE)
- IRHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- FTIRSpectraBase (DIGILAB FTS-40 · NEAT)
- ATR-IRSpectraBase (Bio-Rad FTS · ATR-Neat (DuraSamplIR II))
- Near IRSpectraBase (INSTRUMENT PARAMETERS=INST=BRUKER,RSN=6939,REO=2,CNM=HEI,ZFF=2 · NIR Spectrometer= BRUKER IFS 88)
- Vapor Phase IRSpectraBase (Bruker IFS 85 · Gas-GC)
- RamanHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · SpectraBase
Experimental spectra held by these sources; each link opens the source's own record.
Literature
Reading PubChem, OpenAlex and GSRS…
Bioactivity
Reading ChEMBL…
References
- [1]CAMEO Chemicals · Public domain (NOAA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [2]EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) · Public domain (US EPA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [3]ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) · CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [4]Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) · Public domain (US DOL) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [5]The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) · Public domain (US CDC) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [6]Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · Public domain (US NLM) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [7]PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy · Public domain (US DOE) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [8]Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council · EU reuse policy, CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [9]European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · ECHA legal notice: reuse with acknowledgement · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [10]Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) · Public domain (US DOT) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [11]NMRShiftDB · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [12]Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [13]SpectraBase · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [14]MassBank of North America (MoNA) · CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [15]NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [16]MassBank Europe · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- ·Calculated values: computed by Athanor with RDKit 2026.09 from the structure.
- ·Literature on PubChem
Data last updated 2026-10-14.
