Ammonium chloride

Athanor · official

ClH₄N · 53.49 g/mol

IUPAC name: azanium chloride

Also called sal ammoniac, salmiak, E510

Inorganic

Open in Athanor

Drawn from its SMILES with RDKit

WarningHarmful if swallowed · Causes serious eye irritation

Names and identifiers

IUPAC name: azanium chloride
Synonyms: sal ammoniac, salmiak, E510
+ 38 more
Ammonium muriate, Darammon, Ammoniumchlorid, Amchlor, Ammoneric, Chlorammonic, Salammonite, Sal ammonia, Ammon Chlor, Ammonii Chloridum, Ammonium Chloratum, Cloruro de Amonio, Muriate of Ammonia, Ammonium chloride ((NH4)Cl), Gen-Diur (Spain), Amoklor, Chlorid ammonia, Ammonium chloride fume, Chlorid amonny, Ammonium Chloride Tablets, Ammonium Chloride Injection, Chlorammonic [France], Salammoniacus, Catalyst rd, Ammonium chloride 2.14%, Ammonium muriaticum, DTXSID0020078, AI3-08937, 01Q9PC255D, Ins no.510, Ammonium chloride in plastic container, Ins-510, Ammonium chloride 0.9% in normal saline, FEMA NO. 4494, CHEBI:31206, Chlorammonic (France), E 510, E-510
Molecular formula: ClH₄N
Empirical formula: ClH₄N
Molecular weight: 53.49 g/mol
Exact mass: 53.00323
CAS number: 12125-02-9
PubChem CID: 25517
Canonical SMILES: [NH4+].[Cl-]
Isomeric SMILES: [NH4+].[Cl-]
InChI: InChI=1S/ClH.H3N/h1H;1H3
InChIKey: NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molfile

Names, InChI and the identifiers from PubChem, retrieved 2026-10-14.

Physical properties

TemperaturePressureDensity

Appearance: A white, fine or coarse, crystalline powder[6]
7 values
From Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source
– Ammonium chloride is a white crystalline solid. It is soluble in water(37%). The primary hazard is the threat posed to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used to make other ammonium compounds, as a soldering flux, as a fertilizer, and for many other uses. [1] CAMEO Chemicals
– Dry Powder; Liquid; Liquid; Other Solid; Dry Powder; CBI; Large Crystals [2] EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
– ODOURLESS COLOURLESS-TO-WHITE HYGROSCOPIC SOLID IN VARIOUS FORMS. [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
– Finely divided, odorless, white particulate dispersed in air. [4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
– Finely divided, odorless, white particulate dispersed in air. [5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
–shown A white, fine or coarse, crystalline powder [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service. AHFS Drug Information. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD. 2006., p. 2586
– Finely divided, ... white particulate dispersed in air. /Ammonium chloride fume/ [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
Melting point: 350 °C (662 °F) (Sublimes) (NIOSH, 2024)[1]
4 values
3 of 4 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source
350 °Cshown 662 °F (Sublimes) (NIOSH, 2024) [1] CAMEO Chemicals
350 °C 662 °F (sublimes) [4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
338 °C 338 °C [7] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
350 °C 662 °F (Sublimes) [5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Boiling point: 520 °C[3]
Density: 1.53 @25 °C[7]
5 values
5 of 5 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source
– 1.53 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
– 1.5 g/cm³ [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
– 1.53 [4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
–shown 1.53 @25 °C [7] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
– 1.53 [5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Solubility in water: Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 28.3[3]
4 values
From ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source
– 37 % (NIOSH, 2024) [1] CAMEO Chemicals
– For more Solubility (Complete) data for AMMONIUM CHLORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page. [6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
–shown Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 28.3 [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
– 37% [5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Vapor pressure: Vapor pressure, kPa at 160 °C: 0.13[3]
3 values
3 of 3 sources agree on it (most common value).
Value As written Source
1 mmHg 1 mmHg at 321 °F (NIOSH, 2024) [1] CAMEO Chemicals
0.975 mmHgshown Vapor pressure, kPa at 160 °C: 0.13 [3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
1 mmHg 1 mmHg at 321 °F [4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
1 more value was reported but failed the checks (unreadable or out of range), so it is not shown.

Value	As written	Source
–	Ammonium chloride is a white crystalline solid. It is soluble in water(37%). The primary hazard is the threat posed to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used to make other ammonium compounds, as a soldering flux, as a fertilizer, and for many other uses.	[1] CAMEO Chemicals
–	Dry Powder; Liquid; Liquid; Other Solid; Dry Powder; CBI; Large Crystals	[2] EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
–	ODOURLESS COLOURLESS-TO-WHITE HYGROSCOPIC SOLID IN VARIOUS FORMS.	[3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
–	Finely divided, odorless, white particulate dispersed in air.	[4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
–	Finely divided, odorless, white particulate dispersed in air.	[5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
–shown	A white, fine or coarse, crystalline powder	[6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service. AHFS Drug Information. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD. 2006., p. 2586
–	Finely divided, ... white particulate dispersed in air. /Ammonium chloride fume/	[6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg

Value	As written	Source
350 °Cshown	662 °F (Sublimes) (NIOSH, 2024)	[1] CAMEO Chemicals
350 °C	662 °F (sublimes)	[4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
338 °C	338 °C	[7] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
350 °C	662 °F (Sublimes)	[5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Value	As written	Source
–	1.53 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water	[1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
–	1.5 g/cm³	[3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
–	1.53	[4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
–shown	1.53 @25 °C	[7] PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
–	1.53	[5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Value	As written	Source
–	37 % (NIOSH, 2024)	[1] CAMEO Chemicals
–	For more Solubility (Complete) data for AMMONIUM CHLORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.	[6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
–shown	Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 28.3	[3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
–	37%	[5] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Value	As written	Source
1 mmHg	1 mmHg at 321 °F (NIOSH, 2024)	[1] CAMEO Chemicals
0.975 mmHgshown	Vapor pressure, kPa at 160 °C: 0.13	[3] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
1 mmHg	1 mmHg at 321 °F	[4] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Each value as its source reports it, with the source's number after it (listed under References). Where several sources report a property, the row shows the value most of them agree on, the rule the app uses; open the values to see every one.

Calculated

Heavy atoms: 2
Rings: 0
Aromatic rings: 0
Fraction sp³ carbons (Fsp3): 0
H-bond donors: 1
H-bond acceptors: 0 computed here · PubChem 1
Rotatable bonds: 0
TPSA (Å²): 36.5 computed here · PubChem 1
Formal charge: 0
Complexity: 0 PubChem
Stereocenters: None
Double-bond geometry: None specified
Point group: Td of one 3D conformer with its hydrogens, by Athanor’s engine (as in the app)

Elemental analysis

H7.54%
Cl66.28%
N26.19%

Isotope pattern

Each peak is a nominal mass with its abundance-weighted exact mass, as a percentage of the tallest, from IUPAC natural isotope abundances.

Computed from the structure with RDKit 2026.09 when this page was built, beside PubChem's own computed values from its record; where the two differ, both are shown.

Predicted

log P: -2.62 Crippen (Wildman and Crippen 1999)
log S (water solubility): 1.48 ESOL (Delaney 2004), log mol/L
Synthetic accessibility: 8.49 SA score, 1 easy to 10 hard (Ertl and Schuffenhauer 2009)

Drug-likeness: Lipinski’s rule of five

Molecular weight ≤ 500: 53.49
log P ≤ 5 (Crippen): -2.62
H-bond donors ≤ 5: 1
H-bond acceptors ≤ 10: 0

Passes all four rules.

Predictions, not measurements; each names its method. A measured log P, where a source reports one, is under Physical properties.

Safety

Warning

Harmonized EU classification (CLP Annex VI). Source [8].

Harmful or irritant

H302Harmful if swallowed
H319Causes serious eye irritation

Precautionary statements: P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P305+P351+P338, P330, P337+P317, P501

View all classifications (4)

[8] Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council · WarningH302, H319
[9] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (2 of 3391) of reports.
[9] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · 3,391 reports · WarningH302
[6] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · WarningH302, H319, H401, H411

Exposure limits

PEL: None See Appendix G[5]
REL-TWA (Time Weighted Average): 10 mg/m³[4]
REL-STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit): 20 mg/m³[4]
REL: TWA 10 mg/m3 ST 20 mg/m3[5]
TLV: 10 mg/m[3]
TLV-TWA (Time Weighted Average): 10 mg/m³ [1970][4]

First aid

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Ammonium chloride fume: Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Skin: SOAP WASH immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.[1]
(General first aid procedures) Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly. Breathing: Respiratory support[5]
Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.[3]
Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.[3]

Storage

Separated from ammonium nitrate and potassium chlorate. Dry.[3]
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Hygroscopic.[6]
On account of its corrosive nature and its tendency to cake, NH4Cl is best packed in sacks, or in the case of "flowable" goods in big bags, of paper or polyethylene rather than plastic or metal drums.[6]
Ammonium chloride for injection concentrate should be stored at a temperature of 40 °C or less; freezing should be avoided.[6]

Incompatibilities

Incompatible materials: Strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents.[6]
Violent reaction (ignition) with bromine pentafluoride, NH4, NO3, and IF7 (iodine heptafluoride).[6]
Explosive reaction with potassium chlorate or bromine trifluoride.[6]
The decomposition of ammonium nitrate in the presence of ammonium chloride (0.1%) becomes violent around 175 °C. The gases liberated contain chlorine. (ammonium nitrate: Ammonium chloride)[6]

Safety data sheets on the supplier’s page: Protheragen, VladaChem, Aladdin Scientific.

Always read the supplier’s safety data sheet before working with it.

Spectra

NMRNMRShiftDB
15N NMRSpectraBase
FTIRSpectraBase (KBr WAFER)
ATR-IRSpectraBase (PerkinElmer SpectrumTwo · ATR-IR)
RamanSpectraBase (Bio-Rad FTS 175C with Raman accessory · FT-Raman)

Experimental spectra held by these sources; each link opens the source's own record.

Literature

Reading PubChem, OpenAlex and GSRS…

Bioactivity

Reading ChEMBL…

References

[1]CAMEO Chemicals · Public domain (NOAA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[2]EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) · Public domain (US EPA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[3]ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) · CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[4]Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) · Public domain (US DOL) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[5]The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) · Public domain (US CDC) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[6]Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · Public domain (US NLM) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[7]PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy · Public domain (US DOE) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[8]Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council · EU reuse policy, CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[9]European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · ECHA legal notice: reuse with acknowledgement · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[10]NMRShiftDB · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[11]SpectraBase · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
·Calculated values: computed by Athanor with RDKit 2026.09 from the structure.
·Literature on PubChem

Data last updated 2026-10-14.