Glyoxylic acid
Athanor · official
C2H2O3 · 74.04 g/mol
IUPAC name: oxaldehydic acid
Also called glyoxylate, oxoacetic acid
DangerMay cause an allergic skin reaction · Causes serious eye damageNames and identifiers
- IUPAC name
- oxaldehydic acid
- Synonyms
- glyoxylate, oxoacetic acid, 2-Oxoacetic Acid
+ 35 more
Glyoxalic acid, Oxoacetic acid, Oxoethanoic acid, Formylformic acid, Acetic acid, oxo-, Oxalaldehydic acid, oxaldehydic acid, alpha-Ketoacetic acid, Formic acid, formyl-, glyoxalate, Kyselina glyoxylova, JQ39C92HH6, NSC-27785, DTXSID5021594, CHEBI:16891, CHEBI:36655, RefChem:663965, DTXCID401594, 206-058-5, Acetic acid, 2-oxo-, CCRIS 1455, HSDB 5559, NSC 27785, .alpha.-Ketoacetic acid, Allantoin EP Impurity A, MFCD00006958, 2-Oxoacetic acid(50% in water), glyox, oxoacetate, NSC27785, 2-OxoaceticAcid, Glyoxalic acid pound 50% in water pound(c), NSC 27785;Formylformic acid;Oxalaldehydic acid, Kyselina glyoxylova [Czech], GLV
- Molecular formula
- C2H2O3
- Empirical formula
- C2H2O3
- Molecular weight
- 74.04 g/mol
- Exact mass
- 74.00039
- CAS number
- 298-12-4
- PubChem CID
- 760
- Canonical SMILES
- C(=O)C(=O)O
- Isomeric SMILES
- C(=O)C(=O)O
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C2H2O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h1H,(H,4,5)
- InChIKey
- HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- Molfile
Names, InChI and the identifiers from PubChem, retrieved 2026-10-14.
Physical properties
- Appearance
- Supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. Colorless to straw yellow. (USCG, 1999)[1]
2 values
From CAMEO Chemicals, the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source –shown Supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. Colorless to straw yellow. (USCG, 1999) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. – CBI; Liquid [2] EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) - Density
- 1.42 @ 20 °C/4 °C[3]
2 values
Only one source reports it.
Value As written Source – 1.342 (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1.42 g/mLshown 1.42 @ 20 °C/4 °C [3] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 9th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977., p. 420 - log P
- log Kow= -0.07[3]
Each value as its source reports it, with the source's number after it (listed under References). Where several sources report a property, the row shows the value most of them agree on, the rule the app uses; open the values to see every one.
Calculated
- Heavy atoms
- 5
- Rings
- 0
- Aromatic rings
- 0
- Fraction sp³ carbons (Fsp3)
- 0
- H-bond donors
- 1
- H-bond acceptors
- 2 computed here · PubChem 3
- Rotatable bonds
- 1
- TPSA (Ų)
- 54.4
- Formal charge
- 0
- XLogP3
- -0.3 PubChem
- Complexity
- 55 PubChem
- Stereocenters
- None
- Double-bond geometry
- None specified
- Point group
- Cs of one 3D conformer with its hydrogens, by Athanor’s engine (as in the app)
Elemental analysis
- C32.45%
- H2.72%
- O64.83%
Isotope pattern
Each peak is a nominal mass with its abundance-weighted exact mass, as a percentage of the tallest, from IUPAC natural isotope abundances.
Computed from the structure with RDKit 2026.09 when this page was built, beside PubChem's own computed values from its record; where the two differ, both are shown.
Predicted
- log P
- -0.73 Crippen (Wildman and Crippen 1999)
- log S (water solubility)
- 0.23 ESOL (Delaney 2004), log mol/L
- Synthetic accessibility
- 2.37 SA score, 1 easy to 10 hard (Ertl and Schuffenhauer 2009)
Drug-likeness: Lipinski’s rule of five
- Molecular weight ≤ 500: 74.03
- log P ≤ 5 (Crippen): -0.73
- H-bond donors ≤ 5: 1
- H-bond acceptors ≤ 10: 2
Passes all four rules.
¹³C NMR shifts, predicted
Predictions, not measurements; each names its method. A measured log P, where a source reports one, is under Physical properties.
Safety
Danger
Harmonized EU classification (CLP Annex VI). Source [4].
- Corrosive
- Harmful or irritant
- H317May cause an allergic skin reaction
- H318Causes serious eye damage
Precautionary statements: P261, P264+P265, P272, P280, P302+P352, P305+P354+P338, P317, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P501
View all classifications (3)
- [4] Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council · DangerH317, H318
- [5] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · 465 reports · DangerH290, H317, H318
- [5] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · 55 reports · DangerH314, H317, H318
First aid
- Get medical attention. Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Eyes: Flush with water for at least 15 min., lifting lids occasionally. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Flush with water. Ingestion: Dilute with milk, lime water, or aluminum hydroxide. (USCG, 1999)[1]
Incompatibilities
- Deliquesces quickly and forms a syrup on short exposure to air.[3]
Safety data sheets on the supplier’s page: Alfa Chemistry, Shenghe Chemical, Fluorochem.
Always read the supplier’s safety data sheet before working with it.
Spectra
- 1H NMRHuman Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Varian · 600 MHz · Water) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Bruker · D2O)
- 13C NMRHuman Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Bruker · D2O)
- 1H-13C NMRHuman Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Bruker · 600 MHz · Water)
- GC-MSHuman Metabolome Database (HMDB) (GC-MS) · MassBank of North America (MoNA) (GC-MS) · NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center · NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center · SpectraBase
- MS-MSHuman Metabolome Database (HMDB) (LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) · Negative) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) · Negative) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) · Negative) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Quattro_QQQ · Negative) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Quattro_QQQ · Negative) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Quattro_QQQ · Negative)
- LC-MSMassBank Europe (API3000, Applied Biosystems · LC-ESI-QQ · NEGATIVE) · MassBank Europe (API3000, Applied Biosystems · LC-ESI-QQ · NEGATIVE) · MassBank Europe (API3000, Applied Biosystems · LC-ESI-QQ · NEGATIVE) · MassBank Europe (Thermo Scientific Q-Exactive Focus · LC-ESI-ITFT · NEGATIVE) · MassBank Europe (Thermo Scientific Q-Exactive Focus · LC-ESI-ITFT · NEGATIVE) · MassBank Europe (Thermo Scientific Q-Exactive Focus · LC-ESI-ITFT · NEGATIVE)
- Other MSHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- UVHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- FTIRSpectraBase (Bruker IFS 85 · KBr-Pellet)
- ATR-IRSpectraBase
- RamanSpectraBase
Experimental spectra held by these sources; each link opens the source's own record.
Literature
Reading PubChem, OpenAlex and GSRS…
Bioactivity
Reading ChEMBL…
References
- [1]CAMEO Chemicals · Public domain (NOAA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [2]EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) · Public domain (US EPA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [3]Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · Public domain (US NLM) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [4]Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council · EU reuse policy, CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [5]European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · ECHA legal notice: reuse with acknowledgement · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [6]Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [7]MassBank of North America (MoNA) · CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [8]NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [9]SpectraBase · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [10]MassBank Europe · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- ·Calculated values: computed by Athanor with RDKit 2026.09 from the structure.
- ·Literature on PubChem
Data last updated 2026-10-14.