Theophylline
Athanor · official
C7H8N4O2 · 180.16 g/mol
IUPAC name: 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione
Also called Theo-Dur, dimethylxanthine, bronchodilator
DangerMay damage the unborn childNames and identifiers
- IUPAC name
- 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione
- Synonyms
- Theo-Dur, dimethylxanthine, bronchodilator
+ 38 more
1,3-Dimethylxanthine, Elixophyllin, Theophyllin, Theolair, Nuelin, Theophylline anhydrous, Elixophylline, Lanophyllin, Pseudotheophylline, Respbid, Solosin, Theocin, Theo-dur, Liquophylline, Optiphyllin, Parkophyllin, Theofol, Theograd, Acet-theocin, Slo-phyllin, Armophylline, Slo-bid, Doraphyllin, Elixicon, Maphylline, Medaphyllin, Teofyllamin, Theacitin, Theocontin, Theovent, Uniphyllin, Xantivent, Austyn, Elixex, Teolair, Uniphyl, Accurbron, Aerolate III
- Molecular formula
- C7H8N4O2
- Empirical formula
- C7H8N4O2
- Molecular weight
- 180.16 g/mol
- Exact mass
- 180.06473
- CAS number
- 58-55-9
- PubChem CID
- 2153
- Canonical SMILES
- CN1C2=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)C)NC=N2
- Isomeric SMILES
- CN1C2=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)C)NC=N2
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C7H8N4O2/c1-10-5-4(8-3-9-5)6(12)11(2)7(10)13/h3H,1-2H3,(H,8,9)
- InChIKey
- ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- Molfile
Names, InChI and the identifiers from PubChem, retrieved 2026-10-14.
Physical properties
- Appearance
- White crystalline powder[3]
4 values
From Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source – Theophylline is an odorless white crystalline powder. Odorless. Bitter taste. (NTP, 1992) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. – WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER. [2] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) – White, crystalline alkaloid [3] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Larranaga, M.D., Lewis, R.J. Sr., Lewis, R.A.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 16th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ 2016., p. 1329 –shown White crystalline powder [3] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Physicians Desk Reference. 59th ed. Thomson PDR. Montvale, NJ 2005., p. 3241 - Odor
- Odorless[3]
- Melting point
- 270-274 °C[2]
2 values
Sources disagree; from ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs), the most authoritative.
Value As written Source 272 to 274 °C 522 to 525 °F (NTP, 1992) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 270 to 274 °Cshown 270-274 °C [2] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) - Solubility in water
- Solubility in water: moderate[2]
5 values
From ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source – 1 to 5 mg/mL at 70.7 °F (NTP, 1992) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. – In water, 7,360 mg/L at 25 °C [3] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Yalkowsky, S.H., He, Yan, Jain, P. Handbook of Aqueous Solubility Data Second Edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 2010, p. 395 – Slightly soluble in water [3] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Larranaga, M.D., Lewis, R.J. Sr., Lewis, R.A.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 16th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ 2016., p. 1329 – Slightly soluble in alcohol; more soluble in hot water; soluble in alkaline solutions [3] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Larranaga, M.D., Lewis, R.J. Sr., Lewis, R.A.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 16th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ 2016., p. 1329 –shown Solubility in water: moderate [2] ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) - log P
- -0.02 (estimated)[2]
- pKa
- pKa = 8.81[3]
Each value as its source reports it, with the source's number after it (listed under References). Where several sources report a property, the row shows the value most of them agree on, the rule the app uses; open the values to see every one.
Calculated
- Heavy atoms
- 13
- Rings
- 2
- Aromatic rings
- 2
- Fraction sp³ carbons (Fsp3)
- 0.29
- H-bond donors
- 1
- H-bond acceptors
- 3
- Rotatable bonds
- 0
- TPSA (Ų)
- 72.7 computed here · PubChem 69.3
- Formal charge
- 0
- XLogP3
- 0 PubChem
- Complexity
- 267 PubChem
- Stereocenters
- None
- Double-bond geometry
- None specified
- Point group
- Cs of one 3D conformer with its hydrogens, by Athanor’s engine (as in the app)
Elemental analysis
- C46.67%
- H4.48%
- N31.10%
- O17.76%
Isotope pattern
Each peak is a nominal mass with its abundance-weighted exact mass, as a percentage of the tallest, from IUPAC natural isotope abundances.
Computed from the structure with RDKit 2026.09 when this page was built, beside PubChem's own computed values from its record; where the two differ, both are shown.
Predicted
- log P
- -1.04 Crippen (Wildman and Crippen 1999)
- log S (water solubility)
- -0.81 ESOL (Delaney 2004), log mol/L
- Synthetic accessibility
- 2.54 SA score, 1 easy to 10 hard (Ertl and Schuffenhauer 2009)
Drug-likeness: Lipinski’s rule of five
- Molecular weight ≤ 500: 180.17
- log P ≤ 5 (Crippen): -1.04
- H-bond donors ≤ 5: 1
- H-bond acceptors ≤ 10: 3
Passes all four rules.
¹³C NMR shifts, predicted
Predictions, not measurements; each names its method. A measured log P, where a source reports one, is under Physical properties.
Safety
Danger
Harmonized EU classification (CLP Annex VI). Source [4].
- Health hazard
- H360DMay damage the unborn child
Precautionary statements: P203, P280, P318, P405, P501
View all classifications (4)
- [4] Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council · DangerH360D
- [5] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.3% (1 of 308) of reports.
- [5] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · 308 reports · DangerH301, H302
- [3] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · DangerH301
First aid
- Eyes: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. If symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop, immediately transport the victim to a hospital. Skin: Immediately flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.[1]
- Fresh air, rest.[2]
- Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.[2]
- Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).[2]
Storage
- Separated from food and feedstuffs.[2]
- Store at 20 deg -25 °C (68 deg - 77 °F); excursions permitted between 15 deg - 30 °C (59 deg - 86 °F).[3]
- Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Non-combustible, acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic hazardous materials or hazardous materials causing chronic effects.[3]
Incompatibilities
- Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.[3]
Safety data sheets on the supplier’s page: Midas Pharma GmbH, Angene Chemical, Quality Control Solutions (QCS Standards).
Always read the supplier’s safety data sheet before working with it.
Spectra
- NMRNMRShiftDB
- 1H NMRHuman Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Varian · 600 MHz · Water) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (JEOL · 90 MHz · DMSO-d6) · SpectraBase
- 13C NMRHuman Metabolome Database (HMDB) (NEVA · 15.09 MHz · DMSO-d6) · SpectraBase
- 1H-13C NMRHuman Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Bruker · 600 MHz · Water)
- GC-MSHuman Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B · positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (CI-B · positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (EI-B · positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (GC-MS) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (GC-MS) · MassBank of North America (MoNA) (Unknown · EI-B · positive)
- MS-MSHuman Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Quattro_QQQ · Positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Quattro_QQQ · Positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Quattro_QQQ · Positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Negative) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Positive) · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (Negative)
- LC-MSMassBank Europe (Exploris 480 Orbitrap (Thermo Scientific) · LC-ESI-QFT · NEGATIVE) · MassBank Europe (Agilent 6530 QTOF · LC-ESI-QTOF · POSITIVE) · MassBank Europe (Bruker maXis Impact · LC-ESI-QTOF · POSITIVE) · MassBank Europe (Bruker maXis Impact · LC-ESI-QTOF · POSITIVE) · MassBank Europe (Bruker maXis Impact · LC-ESI-QTOF · POSITIVE) · MassBank Europe (Bruker maXis Impact · LC-ESI-QTOF · POSITIVE)
- Other MSHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · MassBank Europe (Unknown · EI-B · POSITIVE) · MassBank Europe (Unknown · CI-B · POSITIVE) · MassBank Europe (HITACHI M-2500 · EI-B · POSITIVE) · MassBank of North America (MoNA) (positive) · MassBank of North America (MoNA) (positive)
- UVHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- UV-VISSpectraBase
- IRHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- FTIRSpectraBase (KBr WAFER)
Experimental spectra held by these sources; each link opens the source's own record.
Literature
Reading PubChem, OpenAlex and GSRS…
Bioactivity
Reading ChEMBL…
References
- [1]CAMEO Chemicals · Public domain (NOAA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [2]ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) · CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [3]Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · Public domain (US NLM) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [4]Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council · EU reuse policy, CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [5]European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · ECHA legal notice: reuse with acknowledgement · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [6]NMRShiftDB · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [7]Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [8]SpectraBase · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [9]MassBank of North America (MoNA) · CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [10]NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- [11]MassBank Europe · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
- ·Calculated values: computed by Athanor with RDKit 2026.09 from the structure.
- ·Literature on PubChem
Data last updated 2026-10-14.