Sodium chloride

Athanor · official

ClNa · 58.44 g/mol

Also called table salt, halite, saline, NaCl

Inorganic

Open in Athanor

Drawn from its SMILES with RDKit

DangerCauses serious eye damage · Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Names and identifiers

IUPAC name: sodium chloride
Synonyms: table salt, halite, saline
+ 38 more
NaCl, Table salt, Common salt, Sodium chloric, Dendritis, Purex, Iodized salt, Top flake, Sodium chloride (NaCl), Flexivial, Gingivyl, Hyposaline, Sodium monochloride, Slow Sodium, Sea salt, SS salt, Adsorbanac, Natriumchlorid, Hypersal, White crystal, Trisodium trichloride, H.G. blending, Salt (ingredient), Isotonic saline, Sodium chloride (Na4Cl4), Natrum Muriaticum, Extra Fine 200 Salt, Extra Fine 325 Salt, Sodium chloride brine, purified, sterling, Broncho saline, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 013905, natrii chloridum, NSC-77364, LS-1700, 0.9% saline, 451W47IQ8X, 0.9% nacl
Molecular formula: ClNa
Empirical formula: ClNa
Molecular weight: 58.44 g/mol
Exact mass: 57.95862
CAS number: 7647-14-5
PubChem CID: 5234
Canonical SMILES: [Na+].[Cl-]
Isomeric SMILES: [Na+].[Cl-]
InChI: InChI=1S/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey: FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Molfile

Names, InChI and the identifiers from PubChem, retrieved 2026-10-14.

Physical properties

TemperaturePressureDensity

Appearance: Colorless, transparent crystals or white, crystalline powder[2]
2 values
From Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source
– Liquid; Large Crystals; Liquid; Liquid; Other Solid; Dry Powder; Large Crystals; Large Crystals; CBI; Dry Powder; Wet Solid; Other Solid [1] EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
–shown Colorless, transparent crystals or white, crystalline powder [2] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 1140
Density: Reported, but no value passed the checks.
The 3 values and why
Enthalpy of formation: -410.9 kJ/mol at 25 °C (could not be read; source [2])
Density of molten sodium chloride at 850 °C: 1.549 g/cu cm (could not be read; source [2])
latent heat of fusion: 0.52 kJ/g (could not be read; source [2])
Solubility in water: 0.065 g/100 g ethanol at 25 °C, 7.15 g/100 g ethylene glycol at 25 °C, 5.21 g/100 g formic acid at 25 °C, 10 g/100 g glycerol at 25 °C, 2.15 g /100 g liquid ammonia at -40 °C, 1.40 g/100g methanol at 25 °C, 1.86 g/100 g monoethanolamine at 25 °C (table)[2]
Vapor pressure: VP: 1 mmHg at 865 °C[2]
Viscosity: Reported, but no value passed the checks.
The value and why
Viscosity of saturated aqueous solution = 1.93 mPa-s (could not be read; source [2])
Refractive index: Index of refraction: 1.5442 (table)[2]

Value	As written	Source
–	Liquid; Large Crystals; Liquid; Liquid; Other Solid; Dry Powder; Large Crystals; Large Crystals; CBI; Dry Powder; Wet Solid; Other Solid	[1] EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
–shown	Colorless, transparent crystals or white, crystalline powder	[2] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 1140

Each value as its source reports it, with the source's number after it (listed under References). Where several sources report a property, the row shows the value most of them agree on, the rule the app uses; open the values to see every one.

Calculated

Heavy atoms: 2
Rings: 0
Aromatic rings: 0
Fraction sp³ carbons (Fsp3): 0
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0 computed here · PubChem 1
Rotatable bonds: 0
TPSA (Å²): 0
Formal charge: 0
Complexity: 2 PubChem
Stereocenters: None
Double-bond geometry: None specified
Point group: Kh of one 3D conformer with its hydrogens, by Athanor’s engine (as in the app)

Elemental analysis

Cl60.66%
Na39.34%

Isotope pattern

Each peak is a nominal mass with its abundance-weighted exact mass, as a percentage of the tallest, from IUPAC natural isotope abundances.

Computed from the structure with RDKit 2026.09 when this page was built, beside PubChem's own computed values from its record; where the two differ, both are shown.

Predicted

log P: -5.99 Crippen (Wildman and Crippen 1999)
log S (water solubility): 3.57 ESOL (Delaney 2004), log mol/L
Synthetic accessibility: 8.49 SA score, 1 easy to 10 hard (Ertl and Schuffenhauer 2009)

Drug-likeness: Lipinski’s rule of five

Molecular weight ≤ 500: 58.44
log P ≤ 5 (Crippen): -5.99
H-bond donors ≤ 5: 0
H-bond acceptors ≤ 10: 0

Passes all four rules.

Predictions, not measurements; each names its method. A measured log P, where a source reports one, is under Physical properties.

Safety

Danger

Harmonized EU classification (CLP Annex VI). Source [3].

Corrosive

H318Causes serious eye damage
H412Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary statements: P264+P265, P273, P280, P305+P354+P338, P317, P501

View all classifications (3)

[3] Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council · DangerH318, H412
[4] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 89.2% (1840 of 2063) of all reports.
[4] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · 2,063 reports · WarningH319

Storage

Bacteriostatic sodium chloride injections should be protected from freezing.[2]
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.[2]

Incompatibilities

... (sodium chloride is) rapidly attacked by bromine trifluoride ...[2]
Reaction with burning lithium forms the dangerously reactive sodium.[2]
Sodium chloride extinguishant should no be used on lithium fires since the reaction releases sodium and results in a more violent fire.[2]
Electrolysis of sodium chloride in presence of nitrogenous compounds to produce chlorine may lead to formation of explosive nitrogen trichloride.[2]

Safety data sheets on the supplier’s page: Alfa Chemistry, MedChemexpress MCE, Glentham Life Sciences Ltd..

Always read the supplier’s safety data sheet before working with it.

Literature

Reading PubChem, OpenAlex and GSRS…

Bioactivity

Reading ChEMBL…

References

[1]EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) · Public domain (US EPA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[2]Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · Public domain (US NLM) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[3]Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council · EU reuse policy, CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[4]European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · ECHA legal notice: reuse with acknowledgement · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
·Calculated values: computed by Athanor with RDKit 2026.09 from the structure.
·Literature on PubChem

Data last updated 2026-10-14.