Glucono-delta-lactone (C6H10O6): structure, properties and hazards

Names and identifiers

IUPAC name: (3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one
Synonyms: GDL, E575, gluconolactone
+ 37 more
delta-gluconolactone, D-glucono-1,5-lactone, Gluconic acid lactone, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one, D-Gluconic acid lactone, D-Gluconic acid delta-lactone, 1,5-D-Gluconolactone, Gluconic lactone, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one, Gluconic delta-lactone, delta-D-Gluconolactone, Glucono delta lactone, Deltagluconolactone, Fujiglucon, Lysactone, Riken lactone, Gluconolactone [USP], DTXSID0026549, WQ29KQ9POT, INS NO.575, Gluconolactone (USP), INS-575, NSC-34393, NSC-758238, DTXCID406549, E-575, CHEBI:16217, RefChem:5860, GlyTouCan:G58393QV, CHEBI:24267, G58393QV, 202-016-5, d-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone, 1,5-Gluconolactone, Glucono delta-lactone, D-Aldonolactone, D-delta-Gluconolactone
Molecular formula: C₆H₁₀O₆
Empirical formula: C₃H₅O₃
Molecular weight: 178.14 g/mol
Exact mass: 178.04774
CAS number: 90-80-2
PubChem CID: 7027
Canonical SMILES: C(C1C(C(C(C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O
Isomeric SMILES: C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H10O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1
InChIKey: PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N
Molfile

Names, InChI and the identifiers from PubChem, retrieved 2026-10-14.

Physical properties

Appearance: White crystals[2]
2 values
From Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source
– Dry Powder; Other Solid [1] EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
–shown White crystals [2] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 537

Value	As written	Source
–	Dry Powder; Other Solid	[1] EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
–shown	White crystals	[2] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 537

Each value as its source reports it, with the source's number after it (listed under References). Where several sources report a property, the row shows the value most of them agree on, the rule the app uses; open the values to see every one.

Calculated

Heavy atoms: 12
Rings: 1
Aromatic rings: 0
Fraction sp³ carbons (Fsp3): 0.83
H-bond donors: 4
H-bond acceptors: 6
Rotatable bonds: 1
TPSA (Å²): 107.2 computed here · PubChem 107
Formal charge: 0
XLogP3: -2 PubChem
Complexity: 181 PubChem
Stereocenters: 4 definedCIP: C3: R · C7: R · C9: S · C11: S
Double-bond geometry: None specified
Point group: C1 of one 3D conformer with its hydrogens, by Athanor’s engine (as in the app)

Elemental analysis

C40.45%
H5.66%
O53.89%

Isotope pattern

Each peak is a nominal mass with its abundance-weighted exact mass, as a percentage of the tallest, from IUPAC natural isotope abundances.

Computed from the structure with RDKit 2026.09 when this page was built, beside PubChem's own computed values from its record; where the two differ, both are shown.

Predicted

log P: -3.01 Crippen (Wildman and Crippen 1999)
log S (water solubility): 1.02 ESOL (Delaney 2004), log mol/L
Synthetic accessibility: 3.75 SA score, 1 easy to 10 hard (Ertl and Schuffenhauer 2009)

Drug-likeness: Lipinski’s rule of five

Molecular weight ≤ 500: 178.14
log P ≤ 5 (Crippen): -3.01
H-bond donors ≤ 5: 4
H-bond acceptors ≤ 10: 6

Passes all four rules.

¹³C NMR shifts, predicted

Predictions, not measurements; each names its method. A measured log P, where a source reports one, is under Physical properties.

Safety

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 98.7% (231 of 234) of all reports.[3]

Safety data sheets on the supplier’s page: Key Organics/BIONET, Sigma-Aldrich, Fluorochem.

Always read the supplier’s safety data sheet before working with it.

Spectra

Experimental spectra held by these sources; each link opens the source's own record.

Literature

Reading PubChem, OpenAlex and GSRS…

Bioactivity

Reading ChEMBL…

References

[1]EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) · Public domain (US EPA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[2]Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · Public domain (US NLM) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[3]European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · ECHA legal notice: reuse with acknowledgement · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[4]Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[5]SpectraBase · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[6]MassBank of North America (MoNA) · CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[7]MassBank Europe · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
·Calculated values: computed by Athanor with RDKit 2026.09 from the structure.
·Literature on PubChem

Data last updated 2026-10-14.