Eugenol (C10H12O2): structure, properties and hazards

Names and identifiers

IUPAC name: 2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol
Synonyms: clove oil, allylguaiacol, 4-Allyl-2-methoxyphenol
+ 37 more
4-Allylguaiacol, Eugenic acid, Allylguaiacol, Caryophyllic acid, p-Eugenol, 2-Methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol, p-Allylguaiacol, Engenol, 2-Methoxy-4-allylphenol, Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-, 5-Allylguaiacol, 2-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol, Synthetic eugenol, 1,3,4-Eugenol, 4-Allylcatechol-2-methyl ether, 1-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-allylbenzene, 2-methoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenol, 2-Methoxy-1-hydroxy-4-allylbenzene, 4-Allyl-1-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene, bioxeda, Phenol, 4-allyl-2-methoxy-, FEMA No. 2467, 4-Allylcatechol 2-methyl ether, 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyallylbenzene, 1-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylbenzene, 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzene, 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-allylbenzene, 2-Hydroxy-5-allylanisole, 2-Methoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl)phenol, NCI-C50453, Caryophillic acid, 2-Metoksy-4-allilofenol, DTXSID9020617, FA 100, NSC-8895, Eugenol (USP), Eugenol [USP]
Molecular formula: C₁₀H₁₂O₂
Empirical formula: C₅H₆O
Molecular weight: 164.2 g/mol
Exact mass: 164.08373
CAS number: 97-53-0
PubChem CID: 3314
Canonical SMILES: COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CC=C)O
Isomeric SMILES: COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CC=C)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H12O2/c1-3-4-8-5-6-9(11)10(7-8)12-2/h3,5-7,11H,1,4H2,2H3
InChIKey: RRAFCDWBNXTKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molfile

Names, InChI and the identifiers from PubChem, retrieved 2026-10-14.

Physical properties

TemperaturePressureDensity

Appearance: Eugenol appears as clear colorless pale yellow or amber-colored liquid. Odor of cloves. Spicy pungent taste. (NTP, 1992)[1]
2 values
From CAMEO Chemicals, the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source
–shown Eugenol appears as clear colorless pale yellow or amber-colored liquid. Odor of cloves. Spicy pungent taste. (NTP, 1992) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
– Dry Powder; Liquid; Liquid; CBI; Other Solid [2] EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
Odor: Warm, spicy, floral[3]
Melting point: -9.2 to -9.1 °C (15.4 to 15.6 °F, NTP 1992)[1]
Boiling point: 254 °C (489 °F) at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)[1]
Density: 1.0652 at 20 °C (68 °F) (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water[1]
Solubility in water: In water, 2460 mg/L at 25 °C[3]
2 values
From Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), the most authoritative source here.
Value As written Source
– less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
–shown In water, 2460 mg/L at 25 °C [3] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Yalkowsky, S.H., He, Yan, Jain, P. Handbook of Aqueous Solubility Data Second Edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 2010, p. 687
log P: log Kow = 2.49[3]
pKa: pKa = 10.19 at 25 °C[3]
Vapor pressure: 0.0221 mmHg at 25 °C[3]
4 values
Sources disagree; from Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), the most authoritative.
Value As written Source
0.01 mmHg 0.01 mmHg at 68 °F [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
0.03 mmHg 0.03 mmHg at 77 °F (NTP, 1992) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
1 mmHg VP: 1 mm Hg at 78.4 °C. Percent in saturated air: approx 0.004 at 25 °C, 760 mm Hg [3] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V5: 867
0.0221 mmHgshown 0.0221 mm Hg at 25 °C [3] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Van Roon A et al; Chemosphere 61: 599-609 (2005)
Flash point: 104 °C (219 °F, NTP 1992)[1]
2 values
Only one source reports it.
Value As written Source
104 °Cshown 219 °F (NTP, 1992) [1] CAMEO Chemicalscites National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
> 100 °C >212 °F (>100 °C) (closed cup) [3] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 325-76
Viscosity: 7.817 centipoise at 20 °C[3]

Value	As written	Source
–shown	Eugenol appears as clear colorless pale yellow or amber-colored liquid. Odor of cloves. Spicy pungent taste. (NTP, 1992)	[1] CAMEO Chemicalscites National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
–	Dry Powder; Liquid; Liquid; CBI; Other Solid	[2] EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)

Value	As written	Source
–	less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)	[1] CAMEO Chemicalscites National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
–shown	In water, 2460 mg/L at 25 °C	[3] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Yalkowsky, S.H., He, Yan, Jain, P. Handbook of Aqueous Solubility Data Second Edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 2010, p. 687

Value	As written	Source
0.01 mmHg	0.01 mmHg at 68 °F	[1] CAMEO Chemicalscites National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
0.03 mmHg	0.03 mmHg at 77 °F (NTP, 1992)	[1] CAMEO Chemicalscites National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
1 mmHg	VP: 1 mm Hg at 78.4 °C. Percent in saturated air: approx 0.004 at 25 °C, 760 mm Hg	[3] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V5: 867
0.0221 mmHgshown	0.0221 mm Hg at 25 °C	[3] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites Van Roon A et al; Chemosphere 61: 599-609 (2005)

Value	As written	Source
104 °Cshown	219 °F (NTP, 1992)	[1] CAMEO Chemicalscites National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
> 100 °C	>212 °F (>100 °C) (closed cup)	[3] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)cites National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 325-76

Each value as its source reports it, with the source's number after it (listed under References). Where several sources report a property, the row shows the value most of them agree on, the rule the app uses; open the values to see every one.

Calculated

Heavy atoms: 12
Rings: 1
Aromatic rings: 1
Fraction sp³ carbons (Fsp3): 0.2
H-bond donors: 1
H-bond acceptors: 2
Rotatable bonds: 3
TPSA (Å²): 29.5
Formal charge: 0
XLogP3: 2 PubChem
Complexity: 145 PubChem
Stereocenters: None
Double-bond geometry: None specified
Point group: C1 of one 3D conformer with its hydrogens, by Athanor’s engine (as in the app)

Elemental analysis

C73.15%
H7.37%
O19.49%

Isotope pattern

Each peak is a nominal mass with its abundance-weighted exact mass, as a percentage of the tallest, from IUPAC natural isotope abundances.

Computed from the structure with RDKit 2026.09 when this page was built, beside PubChem's own computed values from its record; where the two differ, both are shown.

Predicted

log P: 2.13 Crippen (Wildman and Crippen 1999)
log S (water solubility): -2.37 ESOL (Delaney 2004), log mol/L
Synthetic accessibility: 1.96 SA score, 1 easy to 10 hard (Ertl and Schuffenhauer 2009)

Drug-likeness: Lipinski’s rule of five

Molecular weight ≤ 500: 164.2
log P ≤ 5 (Crippen): 2.13
H-bond donors ≤ 5: 1
H-bond acceptors ≤ 10: 2

Passes all four rules.

¹³C NMR shifts, predicted

Predictions, not measurements; each names its method. A measured log P, where a source reports one, is under Physical properties.

Safety

Warning

Most widely reported: 2,820 company reports to ECHA. Source [4].

Harmful or irritant

NFPA 704[3]

H302Harmful if swallowed (17.3% of reports)
H315Causes skin irritation (20.6% of reports)
H317May cause an allergic skin reaction (99.8% of reports)
H319Causes serious eye irritation (80.4% of reports)

Precautionary statements: P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P501

View all classifications (2)

[4] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.2% (5 of 2820) of reports.
[4] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · 2,820 reports · WarningH302, H315, H317, H319

First aid

Eyes: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. Immediately transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. Skin: Immediately flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.[1]

Safety data sheets on the supplier’s page: Xianglong Pharmaceutical Standards (XL Standards), CymitQuimica, Glentham Life Sciences Ltd..

Always read the supplier’s safety data sheet before working with it.

Spectra

Experimental spectra held by these sources; each link opens the source's own record.

Literature

Reading PubChem, OpenAlex and GSRS…

Bioactivity

Reading ChEMBL…

References

[1]CAMEO Chemicals · Public domain (NOAA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[2]EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) · Public domain (US EPA) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[3]Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) · Public domain (US NLM) · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[4]European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) · ECHA legal notice: reuse with acknowledgement · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[5]NMRShiftDB · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[6]Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[7]SpectraBase · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[8]MassBank of North America (MoNA) · CC BY 4.0 · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[9]NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
[10]MassBank Europe · Linked only · via PubChem · retrieved 2026-10-14
·Calculated values: computed by Athanor with RDKit 2026.09 from the structure.
·Literature on PubChem

Data last updated 2026-10-14.

Similar structures

Vanillin 47%

Tanimoto similarity on Morgan fingerprints (radius 2) with RDKit 2026.09, at least 45%.